There are samples available for Drumcondra tests, but they must be purchased by submitting an order form. There are separate sample packs for each test that cover all relevant classes.

The Level 1 Drumcondra tests are screening tests. The results tell you whether your child’s score has met the criterion or has not met the criterion. To reduce the pressure experienced by young children, STen scores are not reported at this level.

If your child’s score has met the criterion, then their score is within or above the average range for First class pupils in Ireland, indicating that their level of proficiency in reading or mathematics is likely to be within or above the average range also.

If your child’s score has not met the criterion, then their score is either in the ‘low average’ range (‘Approaching criterion’) or in the ‘below average’ range (‘Criterion not reached’). The reading / mathematics progress of children with scores in these ranges is likely to need careful monitoring. In particular, children whose scores are in the ‘below average’ range are likely to be at risk of difficulties with reading / mathematics, and follow-up diagnostic testing may be useful.

When looking at your child’s scores, it is important to remember that any result from a standardised test is only an estimate. That is, it only represents a sample of the child’s performance, on a particular day, and with a particular set of test questions. Therefore, there is a margin of error associated with each test score. More generally, the test score is just one piece in a larger jigsaw of information about your child’s progress.

If you are concerned about your child’s test result, please speak to their class teacher, who will be able to put the result into a broader context. For example, scores that fall close to a criterion threshold (on either side) may need to be interpreted with extra caution. The teacher may also be able to draw on other sources of information (e.g. class tests, homework assignments, class participation) to help you to interpret the test result.

The New Drumcondra Primary Reading and Mathematics Tests were designed to appeal to children in the target age groups and promote engagement. All of the new tests feature full colour, professionally designed illustrations, within a template that supports intuitive navigation of the booklets. In addition, the layout of the New DPMT places fewer questions on each page than its predecessor, to aid concentration.

These characteristics of the new tests result in higher production costs for the booklets. To minimise these costs being passed on to schools, the decision was made to use answer sheets for Levels 3 to 6 so that booklets could be reused at these class levels. Previous experience over a number of years with the Drumcondra Primary Reading Test–Revised and national research studies indicates that pupils can successfully complete assessments using answer sheets from Third class upwards. In the standardisation, more than 7,000 pupils from Third to Sixth class used answer sheets for the reading and maths tests with very few issues.

There are also benefits to using answer sheets in terms of scoring the new tests. Schools can return answer sheets to the ERC for automated scanning and scoring and receive reports with overall scores and breakdowns by subscale. If schools prefer to hand score the answer sheets, scoring stencils are available as overlays for the answer sheets, so correct answers can be easily identified. 

The paper-based Mathematics and Reading tests from Levels 3 – 6 were standardised with pupils reading the booklet, doing rough work on a separate piece of rough work paper and entering their answers onto the answer sheets. Therefore, adhering to these conditions as closely as possible is preferable in order to ensure that there is a like-for-like comparison between your pupils’ performance and the performance of the national sample on which the tests were normed.

Sometimes, a principal or other qualified staff member may decide that a particular child needs to be permitted to enter responses directly into the test booklet in order for them to engage meaningfully with the test. While this represents a relatively minor accommodation, it is still considered an accommodation and, as such:

• it should be noted next to the child’s result

• you should interpret their result with some caution

• if the child is in 4th or 6th class, you should mark them as exempted when submitting aggregated scores to the Department of Education.

You should not allow an entire class group from Third Class upwards to enter answers in the test booklets rather than the answer sheets.

Ideally, pupils should use a separate sheet of paper for roughwork rather than using the test booklet, to mirror what was advised in the standardisation. This also has the benefit of allowing you to re-use the test booklets. However, if you decide to allow pupils to complete their roughwork in the test booklet (while entering answers on the answer sheets), we do not consider this to be a sufficient deviation from standardisation conditions to constitute an accommodation.

You can score the paper-based tests by hand, referring to the instructions, answer keys and norms tables in the manual. You may wish to order Scoring Booklets (Levels 1 – 2) or Scoring Stencils (Levels 3 – 6) to help with this process.

Alternately, for Levels 3 – 6 you can send the answer sheets to the ERC’s Test Department for machine scoring .

There is also a Scoring System which allows you to input raw scores into a program and generate reports. However, you will need to generate raw scores (either by hand or via machine-scoring) before you can use this program.

No – answer sheets are sold in packs that contain 25 Reading and 25 Maths sheets. These two sheets are connected in a booklet format, but can easily be separated into two individual answer sheets.

Scoring booklets and scoring stencils are correction aids used to score the Drumcondra tests. While tests can be corrected using the answer keys in the administration manuals, the scoring booklets/stencils are an alternative that can make the process quicker and easier.

There is no need to pre-apply for machine scoring of tests. After administering the Reading or Maths tests with 3rd–6th class, the answer sheets filled in by pupils can be returned to the ERC Test Department, along with one of the processing forms that would have been delivered with your order. The answer sheets will then be corrected, at cost of €1.00 per pupil per subject, and a report returned to you by post and email within ten working days.

Please see here for the class average conversion table (to convert a standard score to a percentile rank and/or STen score).

Note that the conversion of raw score to standard score is specific to each form of the test and the tables in the relevant manual should be used for this.

Yes, to comply with GDPR, our position would be that parents/guardians are entitled to view their child’s test script. This will be a booklet for Levels 1 and 2 (usually First and Second class) and an answer sheet alongside a blank booklet for Levels 3 to 6 (usually Third to Sixth class).

However, the content of the tests is confidential and it is important that it does not circulate among the general public. Other pupils and schools will use these tests in subsequent years, and in order to protect the integrity of the test norms, the content must be kept secure. For this reason, we only sell tests to schools and centres for education.

Consequently, we would stipulate that the parent/guardian views their child’s answers under the supervision of a school staff member and does not photograph or photocopy the test content. If possible we would recommend that phones are left in a secure place (e.g. in the school office) while the test is being viewed.

The new 2023 Primary Mathematics Curriculum (PMC) was introduced in all primary and special schools in the 2023/2024 school year and will be implemented from the 2024/2025 school year. For more details on the new curriculum, please visit the NCCA website here.

It is important to note that while much of the curriculum content remains consistent with the 1999 Primary School Mathematics Curriculum (PSMC), the approach to teaching mathematics in the classroom has been revised.

The current Drumcondra tests were developed and standardised while the new curriculum was also under development. A draft specification of the PMC, for the Junior classes only, was available during the piloting and standardisation of the DPMT. As a result, some elements of the new approach to the curriculum were integrated into the New DPMT.

However, this draft was still in a consultation phase at this point and was not finalised. Therefore, the overarching principle that guided the test development of the DPMT was consistency with the 1999 curriculum. As a result, you may notice some elements of the DPMT that do not align with the 2023 PMC.

The test administration manuals indicate that you may exempt pupils who have a physical or intellectual/learning disability that would prevent them from engaging with the test in a meaningful way, or who have insufficient experience (generally, less than one year) of instruction through English or Irish.

In general, however, we advise that pupils be included whenever possible. You may decide that it is possible to include a pupil in testing only if special accommodations are made. This can be done provided that:

• You note the accommodation next to the pupil’s result;
• You interpret results cautiously, as the test has been taken outside of standardisation conditions;
• If the pupil is in 2nd, 4th or 6th class of primary school, you mark them as exempted on returns to Esinet (i.e., you do not include their result in this report).

Accommodations could include, but are not limited to:

• a child taking the test at a lower level than their class level;
• taking the test in a quiet room;
• extra time for comfort breaks;
• taking the test with the support of a Special Needs Assistant;
• a reader for the mathematics test (whether a human reader or a digital device that reads text aloud);
• answering a paper test using the test booklet rather than an answer sheet (applies from primary Level 3 (3rd class) upwards);
• using coloured overlays.

Please note that it is not usually advisable to supply a reader for a reading test as a reasonable accommodation. If schools choose to do this, they should note that the construct assessed is no longer reading literacy, but rather aural vocabulary knowledge / aural comprehension skills. While the raw score of a child taking a reading test that is read aloud may still offer some useful information about the child’s language knowledge more generally, the standardised score cannot be interpreted in relation to the norm group due to the change in construct assessed.

In the case of new learners of English, tests are not typically administered to students with less than one year of instruction in English; however, this should be determined on an individual basis. Some students could be ready to participate in standardized testing within their first year in Ireland, while others may require more time to develop their English language ability.

Additional guidance about exemptions and reasonable accommodations is available from the Department of Education here

This document states that the decision to exempt a particular pupil lies with the school principal, taking into account the pupil’s needs, abilities and best interests.

The use of assistive technology (Pen scanners, screen readers, eye gaze technology) with the Drumcondra tests is considered an accommodation. Please consider the following when administering the tests with such technology.

• If assistive technology is used, the test results must be interpreted cautiously as the test was conducted outside standardisation conditions.
• Please note that if a pen scanner or screen reader technology is used for a reading test, what is being assessed is no longer independent comprehension of printed text, but rather listening language and comprehension skills. While the raw score (number of questions answered correctly) may still offer some useful information about the child’s language knowledge more generally, the standard score will not be readily interpretable as the comparison with the population is no longer a like-for-like one.
• The online Drumcondra tests are compatible with browser-based apps. Please confirm with the technology provider that it can communicate with browser-based applications. If it can, then the online test should work properly. We recommend scheduling a test session before the student uses the technology to ensure it works correctly.

You can administer the Drumcondra tests to pupils who were absent on the original day of testing. While this test may need to take place under slightly non-standard conditions (e.g. in a separate room to the rest of the class), this would not generally be considered an accommodation, and we do not believe the pupil would need to be marked as exempt when submitting scores to the Department of Education.

However, you can contact the Department at literacynumeracyreturns@education.gov.ie for further clarification on uploading standardised test scores for 2nd, 4th and 6th class.

In the standardisation of the primary English reading and maths tests, classes were randomly allocated to sit the tests on either paper or computer. The content of the tests was the same; only the mode of delivery was different i.e. paper or computer. After the standardisation, we looked at average performance on both modes, across all class levels and test forms. On average, pupils sometimes performed slightly better on the paper version of the test, and sometimes slightly better on the computer-based version. In general, these differences were small. The exception to this was Level 2 (usually Second class), where the computer-based tests were more difficult, on average, than the paper tests. For this reason, we decided not to release the Level 2 tests on computer for now.

For Levels 3 to 6, the paper and computer-based tests were normed separately. This means, for example, that if a pupil takes Form 3A of the New Drumcondra Primary Reading Test (DPRT) on computer, their standard score is based on a comparison with the pupils in the standardisation sample who also took Form 3A on computer. This makes it a like-with-like comparison.

Yes, for the primary tests standard scores, STen scores and percentile ranks can be compared across test modes. Raw scores (number of correct answers) should not be compared directly. The reasons for this can be explained by using an example.

Example: Lena and Matthew

Lena and Matthew are friends who go to different schools. At the end of the last school year, Lena’s class sat the New DPRT on paper and Matthew’s class took it on computer. They both sat the same form of the test – Level 4, Form A.

Both Lena and Matthew achieved a standard score of 110. This corresponds to a STen score of 7 and percentile rank of 75. Lena’s standard score of 110 is based on comparing her performance on the test to those pupils in the standardisation sample who also took Form 4A of the New DPRT on paper. Matthew’s score of 110 is based on a comparison with the pupils in the standardisation who took Form 4A on computer. The percentile rank of 75 means that both Lena and Matthew performed as well as, or better than, 75% of pupils who took the same form of the test as them on the same mode.

To achieve a standard score of 110, Lena answered 61 question correctly out of 80 on the paper test. However, to achieve the same standard score, Matthew answered 60 questions correctly on the computer-based test. This shows why raw scores should not be compared directly. The same raw score can lead to slightly different standard scores and vice versa. This is due to small differences in difficulty (as explained above) and also to differences in how scores were distributed among the samples of pupils in the standardisation.

The New Drumcondra Primary Tests of English reading and mathematics were normed in spring/summer 2018 only, and, as a result, there are no autumn norms. This follows on from Circular 0056/2011, which implemented changes to standardised testing requirements as part of the Literacy and Numeracy Strategy. This circular states that standardised tests should be completed by all pupils in 2nd, 4th and 6th class during May/June (with the usual allowances for exemptions).

Circular 0056/2011 can be accessed here

Pupils in 2nd, 4th and 6th class typically sit standardised tests in May/June, with aggregated results subsequently reported to the Department of Education. However, schools may wish also to administer tests near the start of the school year (to these and/or other class levels). Where this occurs, the class level in question should generally sit the test one Level below – e.g. pupils at the start of 3rd class should take the Level 2 test. For mathematics in particular, this will ensure that pupils have covered all of the content of the assessment.[1]

The previous versions of the Drumcondra Primary Tests (the DPMT-R and DPRT-R) were standardised in 2005 and 2006, when both spring and autumn norms were generated. The standardisations of those tests indicated that the differences between spring and autumn were reasonably small. Pupils taking the tests in autumn tended to perform slightly better than those taking the same level and form in the spring. This was to be expected, given the differences in age and curriculum coverage.

In practice, this meant that when spring and autumn norms were available, the same raw score (total number of questions correct) resulted in different standard scores, STen scores and percentile ranks depending on when the test was taken. A child who took the test in autumn, with autumn norms applied, received a slightly lower standard score than they would have with spring norms applied to the same raw score, because more of their peers in the autumn standardisation scored within the higher range on the test. Results on the overall scales between time points are usually within a few standard score points (10 or fewer), and within one to two STen scores of each other. For autumn administration of the new (2018) tests, it should be noted on the report of the results for each class that the tests were taken in autumn rather than spring, and that pupils took a test one Level below their grade. Results should be interpreted with this in mind.

If pupils take the same Level of the test within the same academic year (i.e. autumn followed by spring), or the same calendar year (i.e. spring followed by autumn), it is advisable for pupils to receive a different form of the test on each occasion to reduce practice effects.

A general principle is that some three to four weeks should elapse between when children return to school and when a standardised test is administered in autumn. This is intended to allow pupils to get used to school again, and to overcome any possible summer learning loss.

[1] Occasionally, a school may prefer to administer the same level of a test at the start and end of a school year to track progress over that year – e.g. 3rd class would sit Level 3 in autumn, and again in May/June. If this is done, it should be borne in mind that the test assesses content that may not yet have been covered at the start of the year.

In line with the 1999 Primary School Mathematics Curriculum (PSMC) pupils can use calculators for some questions in the New DPMT for Levels 4, 5 and 6 (usually 4th to 6th class).

 For these Levels, pupils complete Part A of the test without a calculator. This part of the test includes any questions that directly assess pupils’ ability to carry out operations and procedures relevant to their class level. There are also a number of questions in this part of the test that are ‘calculator neutral’ e.g. reasoning questions without computation. Pupils can use calculators to complete Part B of the test. In this part, the focus is not on the ability to carry out computations by hand, but rather on integrating, reasoning and problem-solving skills.

 While pupils are allowed to use calculators for Part B, it is not a requirement. That is, if pupils at certain class levels in your school are not accustomed to using calculators, they can still complete the test without them. A small number of schools took this approach in the standardisation. However, please note that the test must still be completed within the time limits outlined in the administration manual.

There are several subscales for each of the Drumcondra tests. Each subscale was normed separately. The overall score represents the pupil’s performance on the test as a whole, and is based on an overall scale normed separately to the subscales. As such, the overall score is not necessarily a mean or midpoint of the subscale scores.

 It is worth noting that as there is a smaller number of questions in each subscale range, the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) for each is larger than the SEM for the overall score. This means that you need to interpret differences between subscale scores more cautiously than differences between overall scores.

Yes, the New DPMT is available in Irish for all class levels. Following standardisation, the tests were professionally translated and were made available for sale to Irish-medium schools at the same time as the English language versions. The administration manual is also available in Irish.

It depends on the level of the test that is being administered.

Level 1

Level 1 of the NEW DPMT is read aloud in full and there is minimal text displayed on the pages of the booklets. There are two parallel forms available. Both have identical instructions for each question, but there are small differences in the numbers and images used, so the correct answers are usually different. This means that both forms can be administered to the same class group simultaneously. The booklets can be distributed in such a way that pupils beside each other have different forms.

Level 2

Part A of Level 2 uses the same ‘parallel form’ approach as Level 1 and is read aloud. In Part B, pupils work through the test independently. Any context-free computation questions are in this part of the test. To further reduce reading load in Part B, images are used to help pupils interpret questions and identify key information. In addition, if a pupil has difficulty reading a word in Part B, they may ask their teacher to read it for them. This is noted in the manual and forms part of the script for Part B, so pupils are notified before they start. Please note that, while any word can be read, mathematical terms must not be defined. This includes, but is not limited to, names of 2-D and 3-D shapes, as well as terms such as ‘edge, ‘face’ and ‘even number’. Knowledge and understanding of mathematical vocabulary is part of what the New DPMT assesses.

Levels 3 to 6

At Levels 3 to 6, pupils work through the full test independently. However, as for Part B of Level 2, teachers may read any words for pupils in any part of the test. Again, pupils are notified of this as part of the administration script. The restriction on defining mathematical terms also applies here. Examples of relevant terms that feature at these levels include ‘parallel’, ‘area’, ‘average’ and ‘prime number’.

Under standardisation conditions, the test must be taken in one sitting (i.e., over the course of a morning or an afternoon). If testing spans over the course of two days or for a longer duration than the advised time for both parts of the test, then, please be aware that testing has been completed outside of standardisation conditions and caution must be taken when interpreting results and a note must be made when reporting results

Schools administering the English reading and mathematics tests to the same pupils on the same day should ensure there is a break of at least 15 minutes between the two tests. However we recommend that, where possible, the two tests are administered on different days.

There are samples available for most Drumcondra tests, but they must be purchased by submitting an order form. There are separate sample packs for each test.

The test administration manuals indicate that you may exempt students who have a physical or intellectual/learning disability that would prevent them from engaging with the test in a meaningful way, or who have insufficient experience (generally, less than one year) of instruction through English or Irish.

In general, however, we advise that students be included whenever possible. You may decide that it is possible to include a student in testing only if special accommodations are made. This can be done provided that:

• You note the accommodation next to the student’s result;
• You interpret results cautiously, as the test has been taken outside of standardisation conditions.

Accommodations could include, but are not limited to:

• taking the test in a quiet room;
• extra time for comfort breaks;
• taking the test with the support of a Special Needs Assistant;
• a reader for the mathematics test (whether a human reader or a digital device that reads text aloud);
• answering a paper test using the test booklet rather than an answer sheet;
• using coloured overlays.

Please note that it is not usually advisable to supply a reader for a reading test as a reasonable accommodation. If schools choose to do this, they should note that the construct assessed is no longer reading literacy, but rather aural vocabulary knowledge / aural comprehension skills. While the raw score of a student taking a reading test that is read aloud may still offer some useful information about the student’s language knowledge more generally, the standardised score cannot be interpreted in relation to the norm group due to the change in construct assessed.

Yes, to comply with GDPR, our position would be that parents/guardians are entitled to view their child’s test script. This will be an answer sheet alongside a blank booklet for most paper-based post-primary tests, and a completed test booklet in the case of PPAD-E.

However, the content of the tests is confidential and it is important that it does not circulate among the general public. Other students and schools will use these tests in subsequent years, and in order to protect the integrity of the test norms, the content must be kept secure. For this reason, we only sell tests to schools and centres for education.

Consequently, we would stipulate that the parent/guardian views their child’s answers under the supervision of a school staff member and does not photograph or photocopy the test content. If possible we would recommend that phones are left in a secure place (e.g. in the school office) while the test is being viewed.