This page lists the countries and benchmarking participants (regional entities) that took part in TIMSS 2023 at one or both grade levels.
Countries that Participated in TIMSS 2023
| Albania | Iran, Islamic Rep. of | Norway | |
| Armenia | Iraq | Oman | |
| Australia | Ireland | Palestine | |
| Austria | Israel | Poland | |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | Portugal | |
| Bahrain | Ivory Coast | Qatar | |
| Belgium, Flemish | Japan | Romania | |
| Belgium, French | Jordan | Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Kazakhstan | Serbia | |
| Brazil | Korea, Rep. of | Singapore | |
| Bulgaria | Kosovo | Slovak Republic | |
| Canada | Kuwait | Slovenia | |
| Chile | Kurdistan Region of Iraq | South Africa | |
| Chinese Taipei | Latvia | Spain | |
| Cyprus | Lithuania | Sweden | |
| Czech Republic | Macau SAR | Turkey | |
| Denmark | Malaysia | United Arab Emirates | |
| England | Malta | United States | |
| Finland | Montenegro | Uzbekistan | |
| France | Morocco | Benchmarking Participants | |
| Georgia | Netherlands | Ontario, Canada | Sharjah, UAE |
| Germany | New Zealand | Quebec, Canada | |
| Hong Kong SAR | North Macedonia, Rep. of | Abu Dhabi, UAE | |
| Hungary | Northern Ireland | Dubai, UAE | |